Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration—often called age-related macular degeneration (AMD)—is a chronic eye condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. The macula allows us to read, drive, recognize faces, and see fine detail. When it begins to deteriorate, the center of your vision can become blurred or distorted, while the peripheral (side) vision usually remains intact.

AMD is one of the leading causes of vision loss in adults over 50, affecting millions worldwide. There are two main types:

  • Dry (non-neovascular) AMD — the more common form, caused by gradual thinning of the macula and the accumulation of tiny deposits called drusen.

  • Wet (neovascular) AMD — the more advanced form, where abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina, leaking fluid or blood and causing rapid vision loss if untreated.

Diagram comparing normal eye, dry macular degeneration, and wet macular degeneration. Top row shows retinal images: normal eye with clear retina, dry macular degeneration with drusen spots, wet macular degeneration with dark central spot. Bottom row shows illustrative trees representing vision clarity: clear vision with healthy trees, fuzzy vision with blurred trees, and dark central spot with shadows in trees.

Symptoms

Macular degeneration typically develops slowly and painlessly. In early stages, you might not notice any change in vision. As it progresses, symptoms can include:

  • Blurred or fuzzy central vision

  • Difficulty reading or recognizing faces

  • Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted (known as metamorphopsia)

  • A dark or empty spot in the center of vision

  • Reduced brightness or intensity of colors

Regular comprehensive eye exams are essential—especially if you are over 50 or have a family history of AMD—since early detection can significantly improve outcomes.

Treatment

Comparison of retinal images labeled 'Normal' and 'Wet AMD', showing more abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage in the 'Wet AMD' eye.

While there is currently no complete cure for AMD, effective treatments can slow progression and preserve vision. For dry AMD, lifestyle changes and nutritional support can make a difference:

  • Vitamins with specific formulation of antioxidants and minerals

  • Healthy diet rich in leafy greens, omega-3 fatty acids, and colorful fruits

  • Avoiding smoking, which is a major risk factor

  • UV protection and regular monitoring with Amsler grid testing

When AMD advances to the wet form, treatment focuses on stopping the abnormal blood vessels that leak under the retina. The mainstay of therapy involves intravitreal injections—tiny, in-office injections of medication that reduce swelling and block new vessel growth.

This page is for informational purposes only and does not provide medical advice.

Contact us!

At Nile Eye Care & Surgery, Dr. Tadrosse brings advanced expertise in the diagnosis and management of dry and wet macular degeneration—combining modern imaging technology with individualized treatment plans tailored to each patient’s condition and lifestyle.

Whether you are newly diagnosed, noticing visual changes, or seeking expert management for ongoing treatment, we invite you to schedule an evaluation today.